Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mass spectroscopy analysis of SCN5A-ATF2 protein-protein interaction

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Mass Spectrometry

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Human macrophage SCN5A splice variant associates with the transcription factor ATF2. To confirm the results from LC/MS (Table 1), immunoprecipitation (IP) of human SCN5A was performed in BMDM from transgenic and wild type conditions. BMDM from the transgenic mice express the human macrophage SCN5A variant under the control of a cfms promoter (24). Co-immunoprecipitation of ATF2 (red) was observed in the transgenic (TG) but not wild type (WT) condition. Difference gel electrophoresis labeling for total protein content in the lysate is shown in blue.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Variant Assay, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Immunoprecipitation, Transgenic Assay, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, Labeling

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacological activation increases phospho-ATF2 levels. A, human SCN5A+ (hSCN5A) and wild type BMDM were treated with the sodium channel agonist, veratridine (100 μm), for 15 min and then stained for total ATF2 (red), phospho-ATF2 (green), and DNA (DAPI, blue). Scale bar, 10 μm. Quantitative analysis (AxioVision auto-measurement module) revealed a statistically significant difference in nuclear phospho-ATF2 staining between the two conditions (top micrographs). Fluorescent densitometric sum/nucleus was 5.58 × 106 ± 0.71 × 106 in hSCN5A cells versus 0.32 × 106 ± 0.14 × 106 in the wild type condition (p < 0.01, n = 4 cell samples; 46 cells analyzed for the hSCN5A condition and 54 cells for the wild type condition; ± S.E.). Baseline staining in the SCN5A BMDM without treatment is shown on the bottom. Scale bar, 10 μm. B, Western blot analysis was performed to confirm phospho-ATF2 cell staining. Veratridine treatment of mouse BMDM for 15 min led to markedly increased phospho-ATF2 levels in transgenic human SCN5A+ (hSCN5A) macrophages (Tg) but not in the wild type conditions (WT) or following vehicle (DMSO) treatment. Densitometric analysis (ImageJ) revealed relative fluorescent units of 0.24 ± 0.13 for vehicle-treated transgenic BMDM, 0.31 ± 0.08 for vehicle-treated WT, 0.87 ± 0.05 for veratridine-treated transgenic cells (p < 0.01 ANOVA, n = 4 cell preparations, + S.E.), and 0.28 ± 0.15 for veratridine-treated WT. TG, transgenic.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Staining, Western Blot, Transgenic Assay

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased expression of an Sp100 variant, Gm7609, is associated with human SCN5A expression and pharmacological activation. A, Affymetrix mouse 2.0ST whole transcriptome arrays were utilized to examine global gene expression in mouse BMDM that express the human macrophage SCN5A transgene and in control wild type cells. Data were analyzed using NetAffx software (Affymetrix). Fold change (transgenic versus wild type) and p values are based on three separate RNA preparations for each condition (error bars, ± S.E.). B, QPCR analysis confirmed increased expression of Gm7609 in transgenic cells but not the 3′ prime segment of Sp100 (Table 2, statistical analysis). C, pharmacological activation with the sodium channel agonist veratridine (100 μm for 2 h) of transgenic BMDM led to a further increase in Gm7609 mRNA that was not observed in wild type cells (Table 3). D, siRNA knockdown of ATF2 and Adcy8, a calcium-dependent isoform of adenylate cyclase, but not Adcy10, inhibited the veratridine-induced response (Table 4). The transgenic condition in the graphs is shown in red and the wild type condition in blue.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Expressing, Variant Assay, Activation Assay, Software, Transgenic Assay

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: SCN5A mediates a veratridine-induced calcium response in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Human MDM were labeled with the calcium indicator Fluo4 and imaged by time-lapse live cell microscopy. Stimulation of human MDM with veratridine (100 μm) elicited a biphasic peak response and a more prolonged elevation in cytosolic calcium. The initial peak response (Peak 1) and the sustained response, but not Peak 2, were dependent on expression of SCN5A and RYR1. Images were acquired at 10-s intervals for 10 min and subsequently analyzed in ImageJ and MATLAB. The top graph shows representative tracings for each condition. The bar graphs show quantitative analysis of peak responses and the cumulative response (AUC, area under the curve). For peak 1, the mean responses were as follows: 80.2 ± 5.8 RFUs for control siRNA, 15.1 ± 4.9 for SCN5A knockdown, and 13.4 ±3.2 for RYR1 knockdown (p < 0.001 for control condition, ANOVA, n = 10 regions of interest, error bars, ±S.E.). For peak 2, 32.3 ± 2.7 for control siRNA, 48.9 ±5.8 for SCN5A knockdown, and 31.7 ± 5.1 for RYR1 knockdown (not significant, ANOVA, n = 10). The AUC was 1909.0 ± 163.1 for the siRNA control condition, 803.3 ± 192.5 for SCN5A knockdown, and 164.6 ± 40.3 for RYR1 knockdown (p < 0.001 for control condition, ANOVA, n = 10).

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Labeling, Microscopy, Expressing

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacological activation of human monocyte-derived macrophages regulates signal transduction and transcription that is dependent on SCN5A expression. A, veratridine treatment (100 μm for 15 min) increased cAMP levels in human MDM in control siRNA conditions but not following knockdown of SCN5A, ADCY8, or RYR1 (Table 5). B, veratridine treatment (100 μm for 2 h) increased Sp100 mRNA levels in control siRNA-treated MDM but not following SCN5A knockdown (Table 6). C, veratridine treatment (100 μm for 2 h) markedly increased IFNB transcription in MDM treated with control siRNA. Knockdown of SCN5A, ADCY8, or ATF2 inhibited this response (Table 7). Error bars, ± S.E., from pooled replicates from a representative donor. Similar results were obtained from a second donor.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Derivative Assay, Transduction, Expressing

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Veratridine-induced increases in cAMP in human monocyte-derived macrophages is dependent on expression of SCN5A , ADCY8 , and RYR1

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Veratridine treatment increases transcription of SP100 in human monocyte-derived macrophages and is dependent on expression of SCN5A HMBS is hydroxymethylbilane synthase.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Veratridine-induced increases in IFNB transcripts in human monocyte-derived macrophages is dependent on expression of SCN5A , ATF2, and ADCY8 HMBS is hydroxymethylbilane synthase.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: I-V analysis Current measurements at −20 mV in the poly(I:C) condition. pF is picofarads.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transfection of poly(I:C) complexes is similar in the presence or absence of macrophage SCN5A. The indicated cell types were challenged with rhodamine-labeled poly(I:C) (LMW, 200 nm for 20 min) and subsequently washed and fixed for microscopic analysis (scale bars, 20 μm).

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Transfection, Labeling

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Poly(I:C) treatment initiates SCN5A-dependent transcription. A, in mouse BMDM that express the human macrophage SCN5A variant, transfection of poly(I:C) (low molecular weight, 200 ng/ml for 2 h), but not treatment with naked poly(I:C) (200 ng/ml for 2 h), increased expression of Gm7609 transcripts. This increase was not observed in wild type, SCN5A-negative cells, or in transgenic cells following siRNA knockdown of Adcy8 or ATF2 (Table 8) (error bars, ± S.E. from pooled replicates of multiple RNA preparations). B, in human MDM treated with control siRNA, increased transcription of IFNB was observed following treatment with transfected poly(I:C) (200 ng/ml for 2 h). This increase was inhibited by siRNA knockdown of SCN5A or ATF2; knockdown of DDX58 (RIG-1) also reduced the response but to a lesser degree (Table 9). Error bars, ± S.E., from pooled replicates from a representative donor. Similar results were obtained from a second donor. C, knockdown of MyD88 or TRIF (TICAM-1) increased expression of IFNB in response to cytosolic poly(I:C) in human MDM (Table 10). D, human MDM were infected with HSV-1 for 24 h, and transcription of viral transcripts glycoprotein B (GB) and thymidine kinase (TK) was analyzed. Knockdown of SCN5A, but not treatment with control siRNA, increased transcription of glycoprotein B and thymidine kinase (Table 11).

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Variant Assay, Transfection, Molecular Weight, Expressing, Transgenic Assay, Infection

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytosolic poly(I:C)-induced increases in mouse Gm7609 transcripts in hSCN5A + bone marrow-derived macrophages is dependent on expression of SCN5A , ATF2, and ADCY8

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytosolic poly(I:C)-induced increases in IFNB transcripts in human monocyte-derived macrophages is dependent on expression of SCN5A and ATF2 but less so on DDX58 HMBS is hydroxymethylbilane synthase.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: SCN5A knockdown in human monocyte-derived macrophages increases viral transcripts in HSV-1 infected cells HMBS is hydroxymethylbilane synthase.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Infection

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Poly(I:C) increases cAMP levels and currents in HEK-293 cells that heterologously express human macrophage SCN5A. A, cAMP levels were monitored by live cell imaging using the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel assay (Fig. 4). Poly(I:C) treatment (low molecular weight, 200 ng/ml) increased cAMP levels 10 and 15 min post-challenge in SCN5A-transfected cells but not mock-transfected HEK-293 cells. Normalized fluorescent ratios were 1.39 ± 0.13 (5 min), 2.42 ± 0.32 (10 min), and 2.44 ± 0.32 (15 min) for the SCN5A condition and 1.15 ± 0.10 (5 min), 1.02 ± 0.17 (10 min), and 1.24 ± 0.11 (15 min) for the control condition (error bars, ± S.E., n = 10 regions of interest for each condition, p < 0.05 for 10 and 15 min conditions). B, whole cell patch clamp analysis revealed outward and inward currents in SCN5A-expressing cells with cesium (Cs) as the predominant intracellular cation and sodium in the extracellular solution (second recording from top). Outward currents were reduced in control transfected cells (top current recording), and an inward current was not seen. Poly(I:C) in the intracellular solution (200 ng/ml; third from top) markedly increased a voltage-dependent inward current in SCN5A-positive cells and reduced the outward current. Replacement of sodium (Na) with NMDG in the extracellular solution (bottom current recording) prevented the poly(I:C) induced inward current. C, I-V curve analysis of the experiments shown in B. Ambroxol (50 μm), an inhibitor of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels, reduced inward but not outward currents in SCN5A cells. Data in Tables 12​12​–15 show statistical analysis of currents at +40 mV and −20 mV in the absence and presence of intracellular poly(I:C). Data are pooled, and normalized (pA/picofarad (pF)) current recordings and are expressed as ± S.D.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: Live Cell Imaging, Molecular Weight, Transfection, Patch Clamp, Expressing

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: I-V analysis Current measurements at +40 mV in the untreated condition. pF is picofarads.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: I-V analysis Current measurements at −20 mV in the untreated condition. pF is picofarads.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Human Macrophage SCN5A Activates an Innate Immune Signaling Pathway for Antiviral Host Defense *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.611962

Figure Lengend Snippet: I-V analysis Current measurements at +40 mV in the poly(I:C) condition. pF is picofarads.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan primers were obtained from Applied Biosystems/Invitrogen: Hs00165693_m1 (human SCN5A ), Mm99999915_g1 (mouse Gapdh ), Mm00449735_m1 (mouse Sp100 ), Mm04204797_m1 (mouse Gm7609 ), Hs00162109_m1 (human SP100 ), Hs01077958_s1 (human IFNB1 ), AIGJQ71 (HSV thymidine kinase), and AIHSPDQ (HSV glycoprotein B ( 8 )).

Techniques: